Abstract

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Clinical Features and Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Author(s): Josef Suzie*

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating and often chronic condition characterized by severe, localized pain following trauma, with symptoms that are disproportionate to the initial injury. The syndrome is typically classified into two types: CRPS-I (previously known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, or RSD) and CRPS-II (previously known as Causalgia), the latter associated with nerve injury. CRPS is marked by intense pain, hypersensitivity, skin changes (such as color and temperature alterations), swelling, and motor dysfunction. While the precise mechanisms underlying CRPS remain poorly understood, it is believed that a combination of peripheral and central nervous system factors, including neurogenic inflammation, central sensitization, and altered neuroplasticity, contribute to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the clinical characteristics that define CRPS and explores the current understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, we discuss ongoing research into potential diagnostic strategies and emerging treatment options, aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals affected by CRPS.