Abstract

Spondyloarthropathies: A Comprehensive Overview of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

Author(s): Bob Smith*

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) represent a diverse group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases primarily affecting the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and extra-articular structures. This overview explores the distinct clinical features of major SpA subtypes, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. The pathogenesis of SpA involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, notably linked to the HLA-B27 gene. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of these disorders, necessitating a multifaceted approach that includes medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management strategies focus on alleviating symptoms, controlling inflammation, and enhancing quality of life, employing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and biologic therapies. Additionally, physical therapy and exercise are integral to treatment, with surgical options reserved for severe cases. This overview highlights the interdisciplinary nature of SpA management, involving collaboration among rheumatologists, dermatologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists. Ongoing research is expected to yield deeper insights into the genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying SpA, ultimately paving the way for more personalized and effective treatment approaches.