Advance Techniques in Cardiovascular Surgery

Corresponding Author:

Kalathingathodika Sajeer
Department of Cardiology, Government
Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
E-mail: drsajeerkt@gmail.com

Received date: August 05, 2020 Accepted date: August 19, 2020 Published date: August 26, 2020

Abstract

Introduction

Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the coronary heart or extremely good vessels achieved through cardiac surgeons. It is frequently used to deal with headaches of ischemic coronary heart disease (for example, with coronary artery skip grafting); to correct congenital coronary heart disease; or to deal with valvular coronary heart disease from diverse causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It additionally includes coronary heart transplantation.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

Coronary artery bypasses surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a surgical treatment to repair regular blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery. A regular coronary artery transports blood to the coronary heart muscle itself, now no longer thru the main circulatory system. During CABG, a healthful artery or vein from the frame is connected, or grafted, to a blocked coronary (coronary heart) artery.

The grafted artery or vein bypasses (that is, is going around) the blocked part of the coronary artery. This creates a brand new route for oxygen-wealthy blood to waft to the coronary heart muscle. CABG can relieve chest ache and might decrease your chance of getting a coronary heart attack. Doctors additionally use coronary heart surgical procedure to:

• Repair or update coronary heart valves, which manage blood float thru the coronary heart.

• Repair abnormal or damaged structures in the heart.

• Implant scientific gadgets that assist manage the heart beat or help coronary heart characteristic and blood float.

• Replace a broken coronary heart with a healthful coronary heart from a donor.

During minimally invasive coronary heart surgery, our surgeons make tiny chest incisions to get entry to your coronary heart thru openings among the ribs. This method is much less invasive than conventional open coronary heart surgery, wherein surgeons open the chest to get entry to the coronary heart.

Benefits include:

• No establishing of the chest or slicing of bones

• Faster recovery

• Less pain

• Lower danger of complications

• Decreased blood loss and want for blood transfusion

• Minimal scarring

• Shorter clinic stay

Robot-assisted heart surgery

In robot-assisted coronary heart surgery, the health care professional makes use of robot fingers, instead of his or her hands, to carry out the precise maneuvers utilized in conventional open-coronary heart surgery. During this procedure, your health care professional works at a faraway console and perspectives your coronary heart in a magnified high-definition. It has been over many years for the reason that first actual robot cardiac surgical operation became performed. There has been an increase in the demand for less invasive cardiac surgical techniques. Developments in era and engineering have supplied a possibility for robot surgical operation to be implemented to quite a few cardiac procedures, which includes coronary revascularisation, mitral valve surgical operation, atrial traumatic inflammation ablation, and others. In coronary revascularisation, it’s far turning into extra broadly utilized in unmarried vessel, in addition to hybrid coronary artery approaches [1].

Thoracoscopic surgery

In thoracoscopic surgery (once in a while known as a minithoracotomy), your healthcare professional inserts a lengthy, skinny tube (thoracoscope) containing a tiny high-definition video digital digicam right into a small incision to your chest. Your healthcare professional upkeep your coronary heart the usage of lengthy contraptions inserted via small incisions among your ribs.

Aortic valve stenosis: The stenosis reasons the aortic valve to grow to be narrowed or obstructed, which makes it more difficult for the coronary heart to pump blood into the aorta. This can be due to congenital coronary heart disease, thickening of the valve’s closure flaps (leaflets) or post-inflammatory changes, together with the ones related to rheumatic coronary heart disease The creation of aortic valve restore along the well-set up method of valve substitute modified the panorama of cardiac surgery, in addition to the lives of sufferers laid low with valvular disease. Repair represents a singular choice in the ones undeserving for substitute and avoids the weight of lifelong anticoagulation in younger patients [2].

References

1. Ramlawi B, Bedeir K, Lamelas J. Aortic Valve Surgery: Minimally Invasive Options. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 12(1): 27-32 (2016).
2. Rimmer L, Ahmad MU, Chaplin G, et al. Aortic Valve Repair: Where Are We Now? Heart Lung Circ. 28(7): 988-999 (2019).