Neuroscience and Psychiatry: Open Access

Clinical Immunology

 Clinical immunology has developed very significantly as a speciality over the last twenty years, as has the understanding of the immunological basis of many diseases and the development of immunological therapies. Indeed it is difficult to think of a speciality that has not developed an “immunological dimension” in this time. The purpose of this mini-review is to update the non-specialist reader on the basic immunological mechanisms which underlie an effective immune response and the clinical disorders which results when the processes are deficient or disordered. The basic science description is, of necessity limited in scope and detail. Further explanation of the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in immune defence can be found in recent textbooks.Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders and the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.   

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