Journal of Diabetes Medication & Care

Ochronosis

Ochronosis is that the bluish black discoloration of certain tissues, just like the ear cartilage and thus the ocular tissue, seen with alkaptonuria, a disorder. The pigment is deposited throughout the skin, but only becomes apparent in certain locations, where the concentration is great enough to be seen clinically. This usually occurs in areas where animal tissue is thick joints, tympanic membrane or on the brink of the surface of the skin thenar and hypothenar eminences and therefore the sides of the fingers. In exogenous ochronosis, the hyperpigmentation is localized to the world where the inciting agent is applied. Intradermal nevi can appear as if blue nevi. Ocular manifestations are frequent in patients with Ochronosis; most ordinarily hyperpigmentation of the sclera, primarily observed symmetrically to each side of the cornea within the palpebral fissure. Furthermore, brown pigment spots within the limbus are generally considered pathognomonic. These ocular signs generally occur early within the development of the disease and may function a valuable diagnostic feature of the disease Cartilage: Darkening and hardening of ear cartilage may be a prominent feature of ochronosis. Nasal cartilage is additionally frequently involved. The voices are often suffering from hardening of the laryngeal cartilage. Stiffening of the ribs with decreased lung function has also been reported. The intervertebral cartilage is additionally more susceptible to herniation. 

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